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Creating a Block in Drupal 10 Programmatically

Drupal's great feature is Custom Block. blocks are easy and fast to set in any region, with Drupal9 you can even set the same block in a few regions.
There are a few technical options to create a block, here we will overview the programming option only.
so, what is a block?
Blocks are chunks of content with ID and classes which can be placed in manipulated within the page. 

namespace Drupal\my_module\Plugin\Block;

use Drupal\Core\Block\BlockBase;
use Drupal\Core\Block\BlockPluginInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Session\AccountInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResult;
use Drupal\Core\Cache\UncacheableDependencyTrait;

/**
 * Provides a 'SetTask' Block.
 *
 * @Block(
 *   id = "dashboard_newtask_block",
 *   admin_label = @Translation("Dashboard New Task"),
 *   category = @Translation("DrupalVIP"),
 * )
 */
class NewTaskBlock extends BlockBase implements BlockPluginInterface {
    use UncacheableDependencyTrait;
    
    /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
    public function build() {
        // Do NOT cache a page with this block on it.
        \Drupal::service('page_cache_kill_switch')->trigger(); 
        // build from form               
        $build = \Drupal::formBuilder()->getForm('Drupal\drupalvip_dashboard\Form\NewTaskForm');
        $build['#attributes']['class'][] = 'my_class';
        $build['#cache']['max-age'] = 0;
        $build['#cache']['contexts'] = [];
        $build['#cache']['tags'] = [];                   
        return $build;
    }       
  
    /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
    public function blockForm($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
        $form = parent::blockForm($form, $form_state);
        $config = $this->getConfiguration();
        $form['block_note'] = [
            '#type' => 'textfield',
            '#title' => $this->t('Note'),
            '#description' => $this->t('block note '),
            '#default_value' => isset($config['block_note']) ? $config['block_note'] : '',
        ];
        return $form;
    }  

    /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
    public function blockSubmit($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
        parent::blockSubmit($form, $form_state);        
        $values = $form_state->getValues();
        $this->configuration['block_note'] = $values['block_note'];
    }    
    
} // end of class

Creating And Using URLs And Links Programmatically

When building a new module, you always get to the point where you want to use the routes you have been created, or other URLs, so if you find yourself always looking for how to print out a URL, this article is for you.

The difficulty is that finding or printing out a URL is very contextual and there is more than one way to get or use this information in Drupal. 

You might have a node object that you need to convert into a fully qualified path, or you want to print out the path of a route, each of which has different approaches.

How to Send Mail from Module

Email support can be a very strong drupal capability.
You can create emails according to events, news, etc. with personalization and desired format and template.
In some cases, you need to define the email in a way that it will not appear as spam on the target email server.

Email on general drupal events like creating new articles are covered with the rules module and you don't need to program their email support.

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