Web application is a client-server application in which the system responds to requests from clients.

The client is every browser and other application that is installed on the user side, what is sometimes called front end.

The server side responds to all requests that come as basic paths or URLs with arguments or even JSON.

Middleware can be used to intercept and modify HTTP requests before they reach the application, allowing developers to inspect and filter the requests based on specific criteria. 

This can be useful for adding additional security measures, handling errors and exceptions, or modifying the request/response header.

Redirect needs were always important when developing with C, we remember how we use the Goto() command, and with Drupal 7 we had the Drupalgoto() command, but these options were deprecated within Drupal9 which become a fully object-oriented and object-derived system.

so how do we create Redirection commands?

There are a few options to do so, I will try to overview them all.